Causes of Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Causes of Crime - Essay Example The situation is resoundingly similar in other countries of Africa as well as in Latin America. To measure crime several indicators such as homicide prevalence, reported injury rates, as well as the size of county's security apparatus. As a matter of fact, crime rates have been on the rise in many parts of the world and the causes are as varied as the countries themselves. While prominence has been given to some crimes such as Terrorism, this contributes to only a very small percentage of the total crimes committed in any part of the world. It is perhaps due to the much media attention attached to terrorism that has amplified the reporting on the crime hence making it look uglier and more prominent than other types such as theft, robbery. In terms of causes, there are many causes of crime and most are determined by the nature of crime. For instance, terrorism can be attributed to religious zeal as well as the endeavor to free a group of people from some perceived oppression. Crime di sproportionately causes civil strife as well as the suffering of many including children and women. This sad but real state of affairs calls for efforts geared towards first understanding the causes of crime and secondly undertaking the necessary steps to deal with the causes. There is a dimension, in fact a positive correlation between crime and underdevelopment. Underdevelopment in this case does not mean the absence of technology but it is used to imply the slow progress of a people due to impediments such as insecurity lack of empowerment as well as well as lack of support from the government. Other effects include the loss of or diminishing of GDP which in turn leads to the under provision of basic services, such education and health care. According to World Health Organization's, as at 2002 homicide was approximated to be affecting almost 100 people in every 100,000 people in the population in a study of the Region of the Americas. Spatial dimension of crime. Crime prevalence in urban areas is different from those in rural settings. While crime in most urban settings tends to be associated with social problems such as high poverty rates and high rate of family break ups in non highly urbanized areas, it can be attributed to purely low income rates. Other ways in which crime is manifested includes: homicides, robberies, kidnappings, muggings, assaults, domestic violence, sexual violence, violence against children and the elderly, as well as terrorist activities. Socio economic dimension. The social economic aspect has a bearing on how different people experience crime. He further adds that, age of offenders can be useful in providing explanations for patterns of crime. It has been observed, that, low income earners are more prone to crimes such as homicides as well as physical injuries. On the other hand high income earners are more likely to suffer from crimes such as property related crime In a study in Colombia, it was observed that the poor were more likely to suffer from domestic related crime as opposed to high income earners who mainly faced property crime ,this was mainly attributed to the fact that (Gaviria and Velez ,2001). Homicide deaths have been criticized for failing to take in to account deaths or injuries related to car accidents as analysts treat it still crime related while it may not be the case. Crime is defined as an act committed by a person that is punishable by law

Cancer Care Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cancer Care - Coursework Example On the contrary, vinyl chlorides facilitate the development of liver sarcomas. The purpose of cancer epidemiology helps in pointing out the areas of distribution of cancer and uncovering the main risk factor that causes and amplifies the cancer cases. Epidemiologic study or research provides a descriptive, cross-sectional, environmental, and methodical studies that attach on the case-control and highly entailed intervention process in managing of the cancer cases. The past 56 years has been described by an intensive research in the cancer field to expose the real nature of cancer and thus provide light on the nature of the risk factor on cancer (Kelvin & Tyson, 2011, p78). Incidence refers to a number of new cases reported in a fixed period of time divided by the number of people who are exposed at risk. Practically the time duration of study is normally chosen to be a year and is referred to as an annual incidence (Fleishman, 2012, p34). The importance of primary epidemiology in the prevention of cancer outlines the sets of entailed interventions that steadily shuns the development of the cancerous process. This groups of the process include health counselling and entailed education, keeping of product safety, ensuring of environmental controls. The primary attempts aim at controlling what may cause the development of the cancerous cells but secondary controls mainly deals with the treatment or reduction of cancer growth after detection or diagnosis. Product safety is a strong section of primary prevention since most of the chemicals are the sole cause and inducing factor of cancer. The prevention of cancer, at the primary level, basically invests in planning, evaluation and implementation of the preventions procedures entailed in the improvement of the comprehension concepts that essential on controlling of cancer (Wallace & Kelnar, 2009, p56). The primary prevention is normally designed for the prevention of cancer

LAW OF BUSINESS LEASES Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

LAW OF BUSINESS LEASES - Term Paper Example The landlords often have to deal with the tenants who default on the lease or sub lease agreements. It is important that Mr. Ash takes early actions to collect the rent it always follows a very predictable pattern that starts with a series of late payments, that proceeds to paying only part of the rent and finally leading to complete default of the payment of the rent. When the tenants delay in making rent payment just like in the case of XYZ Ltd, Miss Beech and Mr. Cherry, the first option is the person that guaranteed Mr. Cherry payment to be approached Law of (Property Act 1925). This is the best strategy to be used if Mr. Ash needs to preserve the lease and the tenant has sufficient goods in premises that can cover the cost of the rent arrears. The right to rent distress is only available to the owner of the immediate reversion of the lease agreement that will end immediately he or she assign sells or transfer the reversionary interest to another party. The rest distraint involves the landlord seizing the goods that was pledge against the unpaid rent. This is basically a self help remedy that enables the landlord to take the goods of the tenants that are found on the leased premises as some form of security so that the rent arrears can be paid in full. Distress is a right of the landlord that was created under the common law defining the relationship of the tenant and the landlord (commercial credit Corp Ltd v. Harry D. Shields Ltd. (1980), 122 D.L.R. (3rd). It is important to note that the right to distress is the only right under which a landlord is allow ed to hold the goods of his tenants and can be applied upon nonpayment of any amount. The landlord has a right to use the rent distress instruments in case of nonpayment of any amount. According to Wallace v. Fraser (1878), 2 S.C.R. 522, the right of distress can be taken way or limited by the courts in lease if the landlord has forfeited the lease. This is because

Love in Indian culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Love in Indian culture - Research Paper Example The same is especially applied to humans, where love enjoys central place in their life and activities in general. There are multiple types of love observed by the humans, which include spiritual love, natural affection, physical attraction and carnal desires and others. Spiritual love is generally viewed to be one’s sheer feelings of reverence for the deity, faith, scriptures and the holy personalities in which one has established profound and unflinching belief. The individuals maintain love for their faith, and even sacrifice their lives for the cause of faith. Moreover, the parents’ deep feelings for their children could also be stated to be the example of the purest and selfless love. While elucidating the love between the young members of society, it becomes evident that the adolescents start developing the love emotions along with their physical and mental growth (Lv & Zhang, 2012:357). The love generally appears while the development of unseen attraction towards the members of the opposite gender. It is the time when the individuals witness tremendous excitement with the imagination of feeling the person of opposite gender close to his/her heart, though sometimes far from the eyes; almost the same is the situation with the south Asian cultures. South Asian cultures, including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka, are unanimously declared to be the conservative and religious-minded societies of the world. An overwhelming majority of these states is the follower of Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Buddhism and Christianity, all of which regard morality, chastity and virtuousness to be the essential parts of everyday individual and collective human life. Since the religions these societies have adopted lay stress upon love after marriage, pre-marital dating is strictly discouraged by the social values. As a result, the mixing of the members belonging to opposite genders in public is not approved by these societies (Orsini, 2006:52). Henc e, the concepts of dating and physical contacts are not very open and common in these cultures. Not only this that families impose severe restrictions on their female members to have any contact with boys before marriage, but also deviation from the same invites wrath of fathers and brothers, who do not hesitate in killing their daughters and sisters provided they find them meeting with the adult males beyond the marital-knot. It is therefore still mostly the marriages are arranged by parents and elders in these conservative societies (Dasgupta, 1998:968). Although globalization has introduced significant alterations in the concept of love and dating, and the educational institutions offering girls and boys education facilities under one roof, which have increased the level and frequency of meetings between the young and adult couples to a great extent. However, still the trend of dating and physical encounters are confined to the elite stratum of society consists of politicians, in dustrialists, feudal lords, civil and military bureaucrats, corporate class and showbiz communities, which maintain seldom care for religious cults, social norms and moral values in their individual and collective life (Orsini, 2006:221). Nevertheless, the Indian and Pakistani cultures still do not allow open illicit sexual relationship in society. It is therefore the immoral, adulterer and dissipation-inclined politicians and actresses aptly become the target of the

'The budget is a tool of repression rather than innovation' cited by Essay

'The budget is a tool of repression rather than innovation' cited by Hope and Fraser - Essay Example Budgets also enable the measurement of actual financial operations against a forecast and establish the costs constraints of a project, operation and program (Daum 2001, p. 21). Budgets have been used as tools for aiding the planning of actual operations by ensuring managers consider changes in their environment. Additionally, budgets enable managers to outline steps and measures for ensuring the organization meets it objectives. Budgets crucially help managers to examine the relationships between the different departments and their own operations. Most importantly, budgets control resources, and help in communicating organizational plans within the different settings (Drury 2007, p. 31). It is equally crucial to mention that budgets motivate managers to work towards the achievement of the organization’s objectives, provide visibility of the organization’s performance, and help when evaluating the performance of managers. Recently, budgets and budgeting processes have f aced immense criticism consequently attract publicity. Critics to budgets and budgeting note that budgets provide barriers to successful management and utilization of organizational resources. According to these critics, budgets influence managers and employees in counterproductive ways. It is essential to note the movement of current economies and their rapid rates of maturity are negatively affected by budgets because they impede flexibility of organizations (Daum, 2004, p. 41). Since 1998, several propositions have been made for the development of a new management philosophy called Beyond Budgeting. These proposals emerge as responses to dissatisfactions with traditional management approaches. These approaches focus on management as a function of budgeting through control cultures and command influences. In recent years, organizations have faced immense pressure to change their management strategies and approaches. This has been motivated by the need to shift from traditional man agement strategies because of changing business and operational environments. It is crucial to note that company and organizational activities become complex when seeking income generation. In this case, company activities have grown in dynamics, complexity and competitiveness despite the uncertain and turbulent business conditions (Dugdale, and Lyne, 2006, p. 51). Currently, businesses are not limited to production and sales, but rather, they engage in different economic and non-economic activities. Currently, organizations need to operate with the intention of addressing quality aspects of the business spectrum to maintain their productivity and competitiveness as well as maintain contact with their customers. Therefore, companies have begun identifying internal processes that impede their functioning in order to respond to challenges within the current business environment. In the process, companies are getting rid of their inflexible processes or procedures that limit their flex ibility (Hope, and Fraser, 1999, p. 67). The Beyond Budgeting model provides an essential strategy for organizations to fill the gap left by abandoning budgeting. This strategy provides tools that enable managers to achieve their market objectives and develop plans. It also prevents managers from focusing their energies on their budget requirements. The Beyond Budgeting approach provides organizations with platforms for controlling and managing

Brand mangament Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Brand mangament - Essay Example Latigo-S produced by Company XYZ is a dietary supplement that helps cleanse and detoxify the body from the adverse impact of internal parasites in the human body. Company XYZ does not want to compete with other renowned companies trying to promote dietary supplements even though the product it is promoting belongs to the same category. The reason is that Latigo-S is a product that is labelled dietary supplement, but unlike any other products of the same category, its main function is not to directly boost the immune system but to kill internal parasites of the human body. Company XYZ continuously conducts significant market trials for their product offering as they continue with their research strategy for ensuring a sustainable market for Latigo-S. Currently, the company is busy innovating possibility on how they could create a remarkable market for their products and they are now on the go disseminating the real knowledge concerning human internal parasites. Unlike any other compan ies that promote dietary supplements and educate people concerning pollutants and human nutrition, Company ZYZ together with its Latigo-S is trying to initiate educational campaign on the truth behind human internal parasites and their probable impacts on the human health. ... While contemplating on the most essential factors that could affect the human health, Company XYZ finally embraced the fact that the human health is affected by pollutants and parasites (Spooner, 2012, p.239). It was upon the realization of this point that the company started to produce deworming products, until it came up with its very latest breakthrough, the Latigo-S. Company XYZ seeks to offer optimum health to its target customers by providing dietary supplements that could help enhance the human immune system, as its original approach. However, knowing the fact that there are other various opportunities in the same market and other relevant needs to address, the company eventually is now focusing on mass production of Latigo-S, together with its aggressive promotional strategies. This is a vital form of extending Company XYZ’s brand expertise together with the identification of brand values or position (Keller, 2003). Brand Latigo-S is a deworming product but its general label belongs to dietary supplement. Although various studies were already conducted concerning on the effectiveness of this product, Latigo-S remains to be a product labelled with â€Å"no approved therapeutic claims.† Major clients and customers who were convinced about the general therapeutic capacity of this product are continuously bringing in the word of mouth in the market, creating a positive response among other prospective customers and eventually high earning opportunity. Latigo-S is one of a kind in the market and a pioneering brand for deworming products that is labelled non-synthetic, but as a dietary supplement made of natural finest ingredients. Introduction to brand and designing a branding strategy Latigo-S as a dietary supplement is unlike any other product offerings

Anita and Meena in Anita and Me and Piggy and Ralph in Lord of the Flies Essay Example for Free

Anita and Meena in Anita and Me and Piggy and Ralph in Lord of the Flies Essay In both Anita and Me and Lord of the Flies, the characters have very much the same type of friendship. The two people in the friendship are not on the same level when they are together. For example, in Anita and Me, Meena is never seen as more superior to Anita and Piggy is never seen as superior to Ralph. Despite this fact, the reader can obviously tell that both Meena and Piggy are more intellectually superior to Anita and Ralph. These two friendships in both books undergo changes as incidents occur such as the forming of Jacks tribe in Lord of the Flies and when Anitas other friends abandon her. These changes really force both Anita and Ralph, the more superior of the two friendships to rely heavily on the inferior of the friendships, Piggy and Meena for emotional support. If these parts of the two books were looked at in detail, the reader would see that both Ralph and Anita usually feel as if they cannot continue and Meena and Piggy are usually the people who help them through their difficult times and provide support. At the beginning of Anita and Me, Anita is portrayed as quite an attractive young girl and one with the power to have control over people, Anita was the undisputed cock of our yardher foghorn voice, foul mouth indicated she was carrying enough testosterone around to earn the titleshe had the face of a pissed-off cherub, huge green eyes, blonde hair and a curling mouth Here we can see that Anita is described as the undisputed cock of our yard. This illustrates how she is a very powerful girl. The fact that features such as blonde hair, large green eyes and a face of a cherub are resembled in her suggest that she is quite an angelic, good and polite young girl. This, however, is contradicted by her foghorn voice and foul mouth. This shows us how she is not really what she seems and that even though she may look tough and powerful, she really is quite a lonely, sad girl. If we compare Anitas appearance to Meenas, we see a large difference: the winter coat, the scabbed knees, my stubborn nine-year old face not because I was too young or badly dressed, it was something else, something about me so offputting, so unimaginable. Meena describes herself as very unattractive. When compared to Anita, we can see that it is the truth. Anitas description gives her maturity and superiority while Meenas make her seem as if she is a little nine-year old girl who does not possess the same maturity and superiority as Anita. It is very much the same as Lord of the Flies with Piggy and Ralphs friendship. At the beginning, our first impression gained of Ralph is of an athletic and attractive young boy: He was old enough, twelve years and a few months, to have lost the prominent tummy of childhoodyou could see now that he might make a boxer, as far as width and heaviness of shoulders went, buy there was a mildness about his mouth and eyes that proclaimed no devil Here Ralph is described in an attractive way and he, like Anita, can be described in two different ways: firstly as a boxer which portrays Ralph as a strong, powerful man while the mildness about his mouth and eyes shows that he is still an innocent pleasant young boy. In the same way Anita is friends with Meena in Anita and Me, Ralph is friends with Piggy. Piggy is very similar to Meena. Both Piggy and Meena are not as attractive as Ralph and Anita. In this way, they are seen as insuperior to them: The naked crooks of his knees were plump, caught and scratched by thorns Here Piggys description does not portray him as either very attractive or very interesting. The fact that his knees are scratched by thorns makes Piggy seem quite young as you normally imagine young children to have scratched knees. Ralph is described as almost a man. This is another way in which Piggy is depicted as inferior to Ralph. Another way in which Ralph and Anita are described as greater than Piggy and Meena are when they meet. When Anita talks to Meena for the first time, she assumes that she is more superior to Meena. then snatched the bag off me and began walking away as she ate When Anita meets Meena, she snatches a bag of sweets from her and starts to walk away. She expects Meena to follow and what I find surprising is that Meena seems to think that this is fine and she feels happy to follow her a few paces behind. Meena feels privileged to be in Anitas company. Anita realises this and uses it to her advantage. Anita has got used to realising that she is normally the leader of a group and that she has the ability to exert a lot of power. Ralph also assumes that he is superior when he meets Piggy. When Piggy asks what Ralphs name is, Ralph does not return the gesture: The fat boy waited to be asked his name in turn buy this proffer of acquaintance was not made Here Ralph is portrayed as quite arrogant. We can see that Ralph obviously feels in some way superior to this fat boy and therefore he feels that he is not the same level as him. Throughout the book, Ralph has a certain amount of superiority over Piggy and uses it often. When Jack, Simon and Ralph explore the island for the first time and Piggy asks to come, Ralph embaraces him by refusing to let him come. The same is done in Anita and Me, as Anita is throughout the book more superior to Meena. Both Meena and Piggy do not belong to the groups that are formed in the books. Piggy is far too intellectual and mature for the games played and he is the odd one out of the group, as is Simon. Meena too does not fit in to Anitas group. She describes herself as too young for Anitas consideration and too old for the children. Even when she does join Anitas group, she sometimes feels out of place. Towards the end of both books, both Anita and Ralph find that they need support when their close friends leave them. In Anita and Me, Anita experiences this when her mother leaves: she always seemed older than her peers. But when I spied her sitting alone on the park swings, from a distance, her crumpled face and hunched shoulders turned her momentarily into a little old lady. When Anitas mother and the poet leave her, Anita feels depressed and lonely. Meena, although she is angry with her, feels sorry for Anita and tries to comfort and support her. This shows how Meena, even though she is portrayed as insuperior to Anita, is the more stable of the two girls. Meena has two loving parent who look after her well and a baby brother while Anita lives with her unreliable mother who is hardly there for her and a father who sees her very rarely. Ralph also finds himself in this situation when the boys divide into two groups and Ralph is left only with Simon and Piggy: Piggy Uh? What are we going to do? Piggy looked at the conch. You could- Call an assembly? Ralph laughed sharply as he said the word and Piggy frowned. Here we can see the difference in Ralphs way of talking to Piggy. We can see that Ralph has no idea of what to do now that Jack has made his own tribe. Ralph now finds that he is relying on Piggy to help and support him through his time of need. Ralph also uses the word we instead of I. This shows how Ralph feels that both him and Piggy are now in their own tribe. It also shows how Ralph is letting Piggy be on the same level as him by using we. Another way in, which the friendship of Anita and Meena and the friendship between Ralph and Piggy are similar, is the ending of the friendship. At the end of the book, Meena realises that Anita is not the person she should be a best friend with: I dont give a toss what your sister [Anita] does, Tracey. Yow can tell her that from me. At this point, Meena has realised that Anita has not treated her as well as she should have been treated. Meena learns this from making friends with two other people who treat her well and are true friends. When Meena returns from hospital, she doesnt socialise much and is happy doing things alone. Anita, jealous of her happiness and the love she receives from her parents, sends threatening notes to her in the hope of scaring Meena. At this point we can really see that Meena is superior to Anita as Anita tries to make a desperate attempt at trying to feel more superior and secure by threatening her. The same happens in Lord of the Flies. After Piggy has died, Ralph realises what a great friend Piggy really was to him and how much he needs him when Jacks tribe turn against him: And in the middle of them, with filthy body, unwiped nose, Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of mans heart, and the fall through the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy. Here we can see that Ralphs image of a strong, powerful young man is lost and we see him as a young naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve boy in contrast to Piggy who is described as wise. Before, Piggy was portrayed as a fat, asthmatic boy who was inferior to Ralph but now we see that Piggy is superior to Ralph. Ralph realises this and feels bad in the way he treated Piggy. Towards the end of both books, the characters who were portrayed as superior: Anita and Ralph find it hard to cope when Meena and Piggy leave them. In Anita and Me, when Meena breaks the friendship between herself and Anita, Anita begins to find that she is jealous of Meena and sends her threatening notes. Similarly in Lord of the Flies, when Piggy dies, Ralph finds it hard to cope. He is left all alone and is abandoned by his so-called friends who he preferred to Piggy in the beginning. In both cases we find how much Ralph and Anita depended on Piggy and Meena to make them feel superior. While in actual fact, Meena and Piggy were the superior ones.